对我国导游报酬体制创新的探讨

目前在我国旅游行业中,以收取回扣为主的导游报酬体制己成为制约导游服务质量提高的根本原因,体制创新成为潜在必需。文章在分析了当前导游报酬体制现状的基础上,运用经济学中的帕累托改进原理解释了实施导游报酬“小费制”的合理性,并在此基础上提出了具体的实现途径,体现出该体制的优越性。     

一种新型环氧树脂体系的固化动力学及耐热性研究

通过不同升温速率下DSC研究了E51环氧树脂与DIA芳香胺固化体系的固化工艺、固化交联反应动力学参数及树脂体系的耐热性,利用FTIR方法计算了体系的固化度。通过分析确定了树脂的固化工艺,采用Kissinger、Ozawa法计算出树脂表观活化能,其均值为87.02kJ/mol,结合Crane公式求出反应级数为0.93。采用扭辫法测得玻璃化转变温度Tg=178℃。热失重曲线表明,体系的起始分解温度为364℃。     

导航卫星星座整体旋转的检测与校正

研究了利用星间距离观测值或速度观测值进行导航卫星自主定轨时存在的卫星星座整体旋转的问题，并提出了消除该系统误差的地面校正法。利用含有系统误差△Ω的卫星星历进行单点定位时，求得的点位大地经度也会产生△L的偏差，且△L=△Ω，因此，由点位大地经度差△L即可确定卫星星座整体旋转误差。试验结果表明，△Ω与AL的差值不到10^-5秒，从而证实该方法是有效的。     

Working and walking on small asteroids with circumferential ropes

The low gravity of a small asteroid would present a challenge for an astronaut attempting to work on its surface. Extravehicular activities (EVAs) of the sophistication of the Apollo Moon missions are not likely to be possible if astronauts attempt to walk freely on the asteroid, hover above its surface, or anchor locally into the regolith. Manipulating large rocks, drilling, and excavating at multiple locations is a high priority science objective, but would be difficult without a hold-down mechanism. If the asteroid has even a small rotation rate, maneuvering precisely over its surface could be cumbersome. A plausible means of conducting complex EVAs is to tie ropes entirely around the asteroid, under which the astronaut is pushed downward onto the asteroid surface by the tension in the rope. The downward force provides an artificial gravity that permits the astronaut to drill, excavate, hammer, and carefully document materials on the surface without the worry of being thrown from the asteroid. An astronaut could also use the ropes as handholds or guides to maneuver freely over the surface.     

神舟号载人飞船船载测控通信分系统

介绍了神舟号载人飞船船载测控通信分系统中统-S波段（USB）、C波段、遥测、遥控、图像、话音、超短波（VHF）、短波（HF）和天线等子系统的组成、主要功能与特点，以及跟踪测轨、话音通信、遥控、遥测和天线等的可靠性设计。地面试验和飞行试验结果表明，该测控通信分系统都完成了测量任务，完全能满足载人航天工程的高要求。     

Determination of the Microacceleration Quasisteady Component onboard the International Space Station

A comparison of two methods of determination of the microacceleration quasisteady component arising onboard the International Space Station was performed. In the first method the acceleration was calculated using the relative motion of the station reconstructed on the basis of telemetry data. The second method was a direct measurement of the microacceleration by a low-frequency accelerometer and a smoothing of the data obtained. The used measurements were made by the American accelerometer MAMS. The above comparison can theoretically be used to refine the position of the station center of mass relative to its body.     

Statistical Approach to the Evaluation of the Mean Correlation Length and the Propagation Velocity of Middle-Scale Plasma Structures in the Earth's Foreshock

Based on simultaneous measurements of ion fluxes made onboard the closely separated satellites Interball-1and Magion-4, the propagation velocity of middle-scale plasma structures in the Earth's foreshock relative to the solar wind flow is estimated. The derived value of this velocity allows these structures to be identified as a fast magnetosonic wave propagating upstream of the solar wind inflowing the Earth's bow shock. An evaluation is also made of the correlation length of these disturbances in the plane perpendicular to the Sun–Earth line. This length is approximately equal to 2R _E.     

On the Origin of High-Latitude Boundary Layer of the Earth's Magnetosphere

Localization of the reconnection region at the dayside magnetopause is among the unsolved problems of magnetospheric physics. There are two alternative models, one of which predicts the reconnection at the equatorial magnetopause, and the other predicts the reconnection in the region where the magnetic field of the solar wind flowing around the magnetosphere is antiparallel to the geomagnetic field. The statistical analysis carried out for 53 INTERBALL-1crossings of the high-latitude magnetopause in a special coordinate frame invariant with respect to the interplanetary conditions shows that the model of a reconnection in antiparallel fields agrees well with the experimental data.     

The Brazilian scientific microsatellite SACI-1

The National Space Research Institute (INPE) is developing the first Brazilian Scientific Microsatellite (SACI-1) based on the vanguard technology and on the experience acquired through projects developed by Brazilian Space Program. The SACI-1 is a 750km polar orbit satellite. The spacecraft will combine spin stabilization with geomagnetic control and has a total mass of 60 kg. The overall dimensions are 640×470×470 mm. The SACI-1 satellite shall be launched together with CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite). Its platform is being designed for multiple mission applications. The Brazilian Academy of Sciences has selected four scientific payloads that characterize the mission. The scientific experiments are: ORCAS (Solar and Anomalous Cosmic Rays Observation in the Magnetosphere), PLASMEX (Study of Plasma Bubbles), FOTSAT (Airglow Photometer), and MAGNEX (Geomagnetic Experiment).